Abstract: The paper presents and discusses recent survey from a study of the role played by rural women in petty commodity production and commerce in Uganda. The survey data were gathered from 300 rural women in Hoima District, Uganda, between January and December 1991. The study findings reveal that petty commodity production and commerce are an important sector in Uganda’s rural economy. It also reveals that though rural women are engaged in a multiplicity of income-seeking activities, economic survival is not always guaranteed for the participants. The author recommends that all policy formulation dealing with these types of economic activities be urgently addressed to get positive results.