Abstract: Equity concerns in the health sector have become increasingly important in Kenya recently, partly as a result of the structural adjustment programme which increasingly put much of the burden of financing health services on individuals. If the equity objective is to be realized, it is important to ensure that policies pursued to this end focus on appropriate targets for equitable distribution - entities that will eventually guarantee equity in health status (between individuals, groups of same or regions, etc.). This paper attempts to extract the precise equity concern(s) inherent in the Kenyan health policy, by analyzing public pronouncements and assessing their implications for the attainment of equity. The main ethical basis for equity concerns in the Kenyan health sector emanates from the view that health care is an individual's right. The analysis of policy pronouncements for their equity content reveals four possible potential interpretations of equity: equal access to public health care services for equal need; equal access to (public type) health promoting commodities; guaranteed minimum access for all; and, unequal access to private health care. These suggest different objectives with greater or lesser difficulties of attainment and monitoring, sometimes with inherent conflicts, such as between the fourth interpretation and the previous three. This has policy implications for the public services. There is need for (i) policy makers to adopt a multi-pronged approach which seeks to compensate inequalities in non-health areas in terms of health care (and vice-versa); (ii) establishing a functioning policy and management structure to monitor the distribution of health and other relevant factors amongst vulnerable groups; and, (iii) the development of appropriate macro-summary statistical measures of inequality for use in making judgments about the effects of changes in the patterns of resource distribution on the health of individuals and especially the target groups.