Annex 1: Rainfall Data in Central and Southern Butana
1980-1995 (in mm/year)
Year |
Central Butana (New Halfa) |
Southern Butana (Gadaref) |
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 |
438.5 534.0 226.5 169.7 39.8 210.6 172.3 78.8 231.6 76.2 33.4 90.1 386.0 242.1 179.3 318.1 |
675.4 638.7 710.0 482.1 322.0 744.7 604.0 473.0 584.0 761.3 371.9 406.0 643.0 391.0 401.0 509.0 |
Annex 2: Comparative Nutritive Analysis of Some Shrubs and
Trees Commonly Browsed by Camels
Species |
Protein |
Ash |
Nitrogen free extract |
Fat |
Cellulose |
Panicum turgidum |
5.3 |
9.7 |
43.2 |
1.4 |
31.9 |
Capparis decidua |
8.4 |
5.2 |
35.7 |
0.7 |
37.5 |
Acacia chrenbergiana |
2.5 |
8.4 |
39.5 |
1.8 |
40.9 |
Acacia mellifera |
5.7 |
7.6 |
42.3 |
1.6 |
36.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Annex 3: Personal data on 15 Interviewed Healers in Butana and
Adjoining Area
No. |
Name |
Tribe |
Location |
Age |
Mobility |
Speciality |
Duration in practice (years) |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 |
Homeida Abdel Gadir Hassan *Mubarak Ali Ballal El Amin El-Tai Mansour Okad Mukhtar Omer *Saleem Suelin Salama Maatoq *Abubakar El-Tom Musa Adam El-Nur Ali M. Zein *Sh.E. Elttag Musa Ismali Ahmed Omer Sulaiman El-Zaki *Abdalla M. Ali Shaa Aldin |
Manasir Manasir Goali Beja Beni Amir Rashidi Rashidi Fellata Shukria Lehwi Leshwi Araki Kawahla Shukria Lehwi |
Nile Nile Nile Kassala Kassala Kassala Gedaref Gedaref Subaq (Butana) Showak Mansoura Banagir Banagir Sadda Odeid |
55 40 76 65 40 60 50 60 45 50 66 40 55 60 45 |
Resident Resident Resident Resident Resident Nomadic Nomadic Resident Transhu- Mant Transhu- Mant Resident Nomadic Resident Resident Nomadic |
A (m+s) A+M (m) A (m) A+M (m) A (m) A+M (m) A (s+m) A+M (s) A (s) A+M (m) A (s+m) A (m) A+M (m) A (s+m) A+M (m) |
20 18 50 30 10 38 25 30 8 10 5 15 20 8 |
A= Animals only * Healers selected for
M= Man only intensive study
A+M = Man + animals
(s) = Surgery only
(m) Medicine only
(m+s) Medicine and surgery
Annex 4: Proximate Nutritive Analysis of Calotropis procera,
a Promising Feed Resource for Arid Zones
Component |
Percentage |
Dry matter |
94.62 |
Ash |
20.88 |
Crude protein |
19.62 |
Oil (EE) |
2.25 |
Fibre: ADF |
43.6 |
NDF |
19.46 |
Calcium |
0.02 |
Magnesium |
5.14 |
Phosphorus (PO4) |
0.59 |
Zinc |
0.08 |
Manganese |
0.20 |
Iron (Fe) |
0.04 |
Copper |
could not be detected |
Vitamin A (carotene) |
27.3* |
* Vitamine A in mg/100gm (spectrophotometry)
Annex 5: Nomenclature Adopted by Butana Pastoralists to Identify
Camel Diseases
Local term |
Pathologic equivalent |
Special meaning of local term |
Guffar |
Trypanosomiasis (in camel) |
Lethargy, off-food |
Dubbana |
Trypanosomiasis (in cattle) |
Fly-diseases |
Ruttal |
Lameness (hind quarters) |
Limb-heariness |
Khorag |
Diarrhoea (in calves) |
Perianal soiling |
Gahar |
Night-blindness |
Night-blindness |
Hadda |
Mastitis |
Lumpy organ (haddaya) |
Suffair |
Jaundice |
Yellowness |
Khadar |
Heart water |
Letharg, paralysis |
Ighadh, Ughal |
Abortion |
Interruption, too quickly |
Chasila |
Saddle sore, specially shoulders |
? |
Kelean |
Nephritis |
Kidney involvement |
Sharga |
Chronic cough, aspiration |
Aspiration |
Haboob |
Septicaemia |
Wind (gas) |
Arag, Sarah |
Lameness (non-specific) |
Lameness, unsteady |
Dular |
Witter-fistulae |
? |
Abu Edelat |
Parotitis |
Straightened, erected glands (swollen and hard) |
Garab |
Mange |
Excessive skin roughness |
Dood, Hilaa |
Helminthiasis |
Worms, starved, terrified |
Gurad |
Tick-infestation |
Ticks |
Nafas |
Respiratory trouble |
Respiration is affected |
Batun |
Abdominal pain |
Stomach and intestinal trouble |
Kassara |
Bent-neck syndrome |
Neck-bend; neck fracture |
Abu-Laban |
Posterior paralysis (complete) - copper deficiency |
Milk-borne disease |
Sabba |
Hip-joint luxation |
Falling; pourig |
Dibab |
Circling disease (encephalitis) |
Hill-forming gait; slow walking in circles |
Kolab |
Rumenitis; tympany (gasous) |
Bloated organ |
Simee |
Parotid - lymphadenitis |
? |
Annex 5. Cont.
Local term |
Pathologic equivalent |
Special meaning of local term |
Um-Rikaiba |
Knee hygroma (infected) |
Knee-involvement |
Daraj |
Tendonitis (achilles)+ |
Slow walking |
Arra |
Alopecia (neck and shoulders) |
Nakedness |
Jadary |
Pox |
Pocks; nodules |
Kofar |
Listlessness |
Depressed; hungry |
Soos |
Foot-rot |
Rooting |
Gamol |
Lice-infestation |
Lice |
Nasour |
Tooth-fistula |
Open channel |
Mamsouka |
Constipation, with colic |
Held; Obstructed (flow) |
Duah or Hada |
Otitis |
? |
Abu-Naffar |
Photophobia |
Seclusion; Self-isolation; avoidance |
Abu-Roos |
Pharyngitis |
Head affection (swelling) |
Ragat |
Alopecial (focal) |
Spotted-skin |
Habis |
Lympadenitis (cervical) with caseation |
Distnded; ready to discharge |
Abu-Glaib |
Hydropericardium |
Heart involvement |
Hadad |
Elbow Myo Arthritis (after racing) |
Muscle cramps, tremore, weakness, fatigue |
Fahada |
Stomatitis (viral) |
? |
Maila |
Encephalitis? |
Inclination; lateral deviation |
Razzaz |
{psteropr Ataxoa (during sitting act) Hind muscular tremors |
Falling-sitting; shalling; razzaz=showers |
Habab |
Papillomatosis |
Cilia (filaments) |
Annex 6: Some Toxic Plants Encountered in Butana
Area (1995)
Botanical name |
Local name |
Aristolochia bracteolata |
Um Galagil |
Cadaba rotundlfdla |
Kurmut |
Cassia occidentalis |
Sim Eldib |
Chrozophora plicata |
Terba |
Crotalaria saltiana |
El-Sifira |
Lotus arabicus |
Birseen El Bahar |
Solanum nigrum |
Enad Eldib |
Sorghum halepense |
Addar |
Annex 7: Ethnoveterinary Practitioners: Personal Data
A: Personal Information
1. Serial No. ............ 2. Name ....................................... 3. Age............
4. Locattion: village ............................... Town ...................................
Province............................... Tribe ........................................
5. Duration in practice .............................................................................
6. Spcilaity: Animal only ...................... Man and animals ......................
single species ......................... surgery only .........................
medicine only ....................... mixed ...................................
7. Backgroun Formal education..............................................................
Koran school ...................................................................
Family member apprenticeship .......................................
8. Use of: plants ................; soils .................; rocks ................................
surgical tools ......................; urine...........................................
9. Mobility (calls): None .............10km ............... 30km ..........................
>30km...................
B: Communal and Opinion:
1. Is traditional medicnine (utility):
declining......................................... Increasing.....................................
2. Is modern medicine a threat? ...............................................................
3. Would you advise the use of certain mdoern items in specific
conditons...............................................................................................
Give examples.........................................................................................
4. Can traditional and modern medicine work together?..........................
5. Would you accept training in mdoern medicine?...................................
6. Would you train others in traditional medicine?....................................
7. What are your practice constraints? .......................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
Annex 8: Map: Butana Plains, Sudan
