The realization that past conventional development strategies have not only failed to meet expectations but have also negatively affected women in the developing countries, has stepped up the search for appropriate and responsive development interventions. As discussed in the paper, the shifts from the traditional perception of women, the diagnosis of and prescriptions for their needs have deepened our understanding of the factors and trends that influence the direction of development.
The reviews of activities initiated and promoted under the rubric of WID since the UN Decade for Women have provided much needed lessons not only into women's practical gender needs and what constitute `universal' strategic interests but also the importance of addressing both simultaneously. Similarly, it should be acknowledged that research findings and the work of grassroots activists have helped to fill the void that faced agencies and individuals who seek to move beyond gender awareness. Gender analysis framework, gender policy levels and process of empowerment are valuable tools provided by development agencies which could be refined through inter-agency collaboration, through feedback and exchange of experience. Equipped with these tools for gender analysis and incorporation of gender concerns at all cycles of project/program life, it is possible to avoid repeating past mistakes emanating from gender-blind, isolated and top-down interventions.
It is further recommended that efforts be stepped up to institutionalize gender through adoption of gender policy and training of agency staff. Support of women's own initiatives to organize and empower themselves for participation and make a difference in the current wave of democratization and development of civil society would enable them to share in the decisions and actions for the creation of an equitable system. In this process, the role of social scientists in synchronizing intellectual pursuit and action-oriented, hands-on research and feedback for re-articulation of development issues cannot be over emphasized.
